Keyboard shortcuts are combinations of keys or key sequences that perform specific actions or commands without the need for navigating menus or using the mouse. Keyboard shortcuts can help improve productivity and efficiency when using software applications, including web browsers and text editors. Here are some commonly used keyboard shortcuts:

1. General Shortcuts:

- Ctrl + C: Copy selected text or content.
- Ctrl + X: Cut selected text or content.
- Ctrl + V: Paste copied or cut text or content.
- Ctrl + Z: Undo the last action.
- Ctrl + Y: Redo the last action.
- Ctrl + A: Select all content.
- Ctrl + S: Save the current document or file.
- Ctrl + F: Open the find or search dialog.
- Ctrl + P: Print the current document or page.

2. Text Editing Shortcuts:

- Ctrl + B: Bold selected text.
- Ctrl + I: Italicize selected text.
- Ctrl + U: Underline selected text.
- Ctrl + L: Align text to the left.
- Ctrl + R: Align text to the right.
- Ctrl + E: Center-align text.
- Ctrl + K: Create a hyperlink.
- Ctrl + D: Duplicate selected text or line.
- Ctrl + Backspace: Delete previous word.
- Ctrl + Delete: Delete next word.

3. Web Browsing Shortcuts (for most web browsers):

- Ctrl + T: Open a new browser tab.
- Ctrl + W: Close the current browser tab.
- Ctrl + Tab: Switch to the next browser tab.
- Ctrl + Shift + Tab: Switch to the previous browser tab.
- Ctrl + F5: Refresh the current web page (clearing cache).
- Ctrl + +: Zoom in.
- Ctrl + -: Zoom out.
- Ctrl + 0: Reset zoom to default.
- Ctrl + D: Add the current page to bookmarks.

These are just a few examples of keyboard shortcuts, and the actual shortcuts may vary depending on the operating system, software application, or web browser you are using. Different software applications and web browsers often have their own specific keyboard shortcuts, so it's a good idea to consult their documentation or settings to learn more about available shortcuts.

Additionally, some keyboard shortcuts may vary between Windows, macOS, and Linux. If you're using a specific operating system, you can search for "keyboard shortcuts" in the system settings or help documentation to discover and customize shortcuts specific to your platform.

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